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    7August 2020

    THE USE OF SURGICAL TELESCOPE IN MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERIES

    The minimally invasive procedure performs many conditions of diagnosing and treating with the help of a surgical telescope. There are two main types of surgical scope (Rigid & Flexible). Flexible endoscopes are needed to thoroughly examine the depths of tubular structures that turn corners (e.g.intestine, bronchial tree, and male canine urethra), but rigid endoscopes are more convenient for examining nontubular structures such as the abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity, or joint spaces, etc. A surgical telescope helps in providing a clear visualization of the infected area which is inside the body. Rigid endoscopes are made of metal tubes that contain a series of high-resolution optical glass rod lenses, and the light channel to allow visualization out of the axis of the telescope and increase the FOV (Field of view) by rotating the instrument. Direct visualization of a diseased area inside the body can be achieved by using a telescope through a small incision in the skin. Rigid endoscopes are commonly used in urology, gynecology, ENT, arthroscopy, endoscopic spine surgery, and general surgery.

    IMPORTANCE

    Endoscopic technology allows direct, optically controlled access to numerous internal organs without open surgical intervention. The use of endoscopy units has been increasing day by day because of providing the support of the imaging system through a clear image. The endoscope is often fitted with one or more extra channels through which operating instruments may be passed such as electrosurgery probes, manipulating, grasping, crushing forceps, etc. With the versatile telescopes, a full range of endoscopic applications are (Laparoscope, Arthroscope, Hysteroscope, Cystoscope, Rhinoscope, Nephroscope, Encephaloscope, Laryngoscope, etc)

    TYPES OF SURGICAL TELESCOPES

    • Mini Laparoscope / Laparoscope
    • Thorascope
    • Cystoscope
    • Hysteroscope
    • Ureterorenoscope – Direct View
    • Ureterorenoscope – Offset Eyeview
    • Ureterorenoscope – Tilted Eyepiece
    • Mini Arthroscope / Arthroscope
    • Otoscope
    • Sinuscope
    • Laryngoscope
    • Bronchoscope

    The viewing angle with length and diameter of a telescope is an important consideration it affects both orientation and visual access. The range of viewing angles is.

    • Forward – Viewing angle (0 Degree Telescope)
    • Forward Oblique angles (12, 30, 45 Degree Telescope)
    • Acute Angles (70, 90, 120 Degree Telescope)

    The range of diameter starting from 1.6mm to 10mm with a length of 50mm to 341mm. The choice of telescope largely depends on the procedure being performed and the experience of the endoscopist.

    For more details about the surgical telescopes, endoscopy HD camera, Rigid Laparoscopy, Surgical Monitors and Minimally invasive surgery devices, visit our website www.diasurge.com

    14July 2020

    Laparoscopic cholecystectomy- the laparoscopic surgery for gallbladder removal

    What is laparoscopic cholecystectomy??

    Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is a laparoscopic surgical procedure for removing Gallbladder. It is a minimally invasive surgery that is performed through minimally invasive surgery devices which involves small incisions to remove the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a digestive organ that is present just below the liver in the upper abdomen. The main function of the gallbladder is to store bile which helps in absorbing dietary fats. However, the gallbladder is not a compulsory organ of the digestive system and digestion of a high fiber diet can be easily done without the presence of Gallbladder as well. However, if your Gallbladder becomes inflamed, then it is very important to remove it.


    Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is one of the most popular and common types of surgery available for the removal of diseased Gallbladder.

    Reasons for performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

    The main reason behind performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and removing of the Gallbladder is due to the complications caused by the gallstones in the Gallbladder. The situation of having gallstones in the Gallbladder is known as cholelithiasis. When the substances of the bile in Gallbladder become solid, then they form gallstones. The size of gallstones varies, they could be very small and they could be as large as the size of a golf ball. Some other reasons for performing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy are the following-

    • In the medical condition when the Gallbladder is not able to empty bile and this condition is called biliary dyskinesia.
    • In the medical condition when the gallstones shift to the bile duct and cause the blockage and this medical condition is called choledocholithiasis.
    • They inflame and diseased Gallbladder which is called cholecystitis.
    • In this condition, the gallstones cause the inflammation of the pancreas and this medical condition is known as pancreatitis.

    Nowadays, Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is a highly preferred surgical method over open surgical methods because it involves smaller incisions that help in reducing the risk factors of infection, excess bleeding and involves less time of recovery

    Medical equipment used during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

    During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, various minimally invasive surgery instruments and laparoscopic surgeon devices are used. Let’s look at the list of the medical devices used in the surgical procedure.

    The procedure of laparoscopic cholecystectomy

    1. After going to the operation theatre your surgeon will give you fluids through your vein. After this, he will put you on anesthesia of the general level, so that you don’t feel any pain and the whole surgical procedure will be painless for you. Before the surgical procedure starts, your surgeon will place a tube in your throat which is connected to a ventilator, so that you can easily breathe during the surgery.
    2. For performing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy surgery, the surgeon will make four small incisions at the upper side of your abdomen. With the help of the small incisions, the tube is guided with an Endoscopy HD Camera into the abdomen.
    3. The other laparoscopic devices such as Endoscopy LED Cold Light is also used through the small incisions and the surgical monitors will help the surgeons to get a clear image inside of your abdomen. The surgical monitors will show whatever the Endoscopy HD camera captures.
    4. The Endoscopy CO2 Insufflator is used so that the patient’s abdomen is inflated with CO2 gas and the surgeons will get the space to perform the surgery properly. After that, your surgeon will remove the Gallbladder through the small incisions.
    5. After the Gallbladder is removed from your abdomen, your surgeon will perform a special X-ray to check the complications of your bile duct. The X-ray helps in showing any remaining problems in your bile duct such as any remaining bile stone in the duct. If any such problem exists, then your surgeon will remove that also. This procedure is called cholangiography.
    6. When the surgery is completed, your surgeon will stitch up the cuts and bandage the small incisions. After that, you will take your time to get your consciousness from anesthesia. Your vital signs will be measured after the surgical procedure is over.
    7. In Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, most of the patients go home on the same day or day after their laparoscopic surgery.

    http://diasurge.com/gallbladder-stones-and-diagnosis-by-endoscopes/

    6July 2020

    Minimal invasive surgery for hemorrhoids

    What are hemorrhoids??

    Hemorrhoids are the medical condition in which an individual suffers from inflamed and swollen veins in the lowest part of anus and rectal. This medical condition is commonly known as piles by the general public. There are basically two types of hemorrhoids, internal hemorrhoids, and external hemorrhoids. Internal hemorrhoids are on the upper part inside your rectum. Whereas, external hemorrhoids are at the lowest part of your anus, under the skin around the anus. Hemorrhoids are becoming a very common disease, especially people who are in their middle age are at a high risk of suffering from the disease.

     

    hemorrhoids

    Symptoms of hemorrhoids

    • Internal

    Bleeding while you poop, blood droplets on the toilet paper when you wipe and also in the toilet bowl. When the extra skin comes out from your anal opening, then this condition is called prolapse. This condition is painful, especially while passing the stool.

    • Prevention

    Internal hemorrhoids can easily be manageable and less critical than external hemorrhoids. It can be managed within a few days by following the instructions provided by the doctors. Changing diet and stopping straining during the bowel movement will also help to cure this condition. However, if the symptoms of internal hemorrhoids still continue after following all the instructions and taking medicines, then you should definitely go for the surgical option. Minimal invasive surgery is one of the most common and successful surgeries nowadays for preventing hemorrhoids, which is performed through the endoscope.

    • External

     Bleeding while passing stool, severe pain during the bowel movement, and also while sitting, itching around the areas of the anus and swelling around the anus.

    The surgical treatments for curing hemorrhoids

    • Sclerotherapy

    During this medical procedure, the injection of a salt solution is injected into the vein of the patient. This helps in damaging the lining of the blood vessels, leading to the collapse of the hemorrhoids. 

    • Rubber band ligation

    In this procedure, the hemorrhoid is tied off with the help of rubber bands, which results in disconnecting the hemorrhoids with the blood flow. This leads to a reduction in the swelling of the blood vessel.

    • Hemorrhoidectomy

    A hemorrhoidectomy is a surgical procedure that involves removing the external and internal hemorrhoids. This surgical treatment is one of the most effective and complicated treatments available for curing severe hemorrhoids.

    The use of endoscopes for the surgical treatment of hemorrhoids

    All the surgical treatments for curing hemorrhoids are performed through endoscopes only. The endoscope HD camera is also used during performing the surgery so that the surgeons will get a clear view of the inside walls of anus and rectal. The endoscope HD camera is attached to the video processor for the purpose of getting the view of the moving images on the surgical monitor and also for the purpose of recording the surgery. This video system is called the endoscopy video processor.

    After the minimally invasive surgery is done, the patient will take about two to three weeks to fully recover. The after-effects of the surgery are managed by following the instructions provided by the doctors and also by taking painkillers and antibiotics provided by the doctors only. Some changes into your daily diet, such as including high fiber food in your dietary plan and increasing the liquid diet and intake of water also help a lot.

    To know more about minimally invasive surgeries for hemorrhoids:- https://diasurge.hatenablog.com/entry/2020/05/15/173824

    28May 2020

    Get your sinuses ventilated: FESS

    Sinuses are air spaces meant for help in humidify the air and enhance the quality of voice. Do you know recurrent heavy headedness, severe headache while lowering your head, recurrent infection of upper respiratory tract infection can be serious and very problematic? Sinusitis might be the cause. Mostly sinusitis is a rhinogenic in origin, ear infection, or dental infection. Our nose has cilia on its wall which helps in the movement of nasal secretion out of the nose. During nasal infection, these cilia function less efficiently result in the stasis of secretion and mucus in nasal sinus.

    What difficulties you will face when suffering sinusitis?

    Mostly symptoms are rhinogenic and usually same as cold. Following are the symptoms of sinusitis:

    1) Nasal congestion or obstruction.
    2) Pain on sinofacial region.
    3) Headache while lowering or shaking it.
    4) Mucopurulent nasal discharge.
    5) A sensation of sneezing or multiple time sneezing.
    5) The reduced smelling sense thus resulting in the inability to have flavors in food.
    6) Change in voice.

     

    sinus sysmptoms

    How sinusitis is treated?

    Medical management: As per medical management is concerned sinusitis is usually managed medically first with nasal decongestant, antibiotics, antipyretics, anti allergens (antihistamines). If sinusitis doesn’t get relieved by medicines and get recurrent and chronic than it is surgically managed.

    Surgical management: Surgically sinusitis is treated with the endoscopic approach. The rigid endoscope aids the surgeon to visualize the nose in detail. The nasal cavity is a very small area and having a great visualization with the correct idea axis can make the surgery easy. So angled endoscopes are used, a 30° degree endoscope affords an increased view with lesser movements as there are limited spaces. A 30-degree endoscope (sinuscope) can view every corner of sinuses. It provides excellent visibility, easy diagnoses, and surgery more comfortable. Surgery of sinus is called FESS (FUNCTIONAL ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY).

     

    sinuses ventilated: FESS

    FESS is useful in which kind of sinus problems?

    1) Patient with recurrent acute or chronic sinusitis to increase ventilation of sinus.
    2) People suffering from nasal polyps. This removes polyps by using suction cutters.
    3) Some kind of cancerous growth in the nasal cavity.
    4) Decompression of eye socket (space of eyeball in the skull) like in Graves disease.

    Why FESS is preferred over conventional surgery or treatment?

    As the name suggests it is minimally invasive surgery. So following are the reasons to opt FESS:

    1) Minimal discomfort during and after surgery and heals early.
    2) Performed under local anesthesia with some sedation to calm the patient.
    3) It helps in restoring the ventilation of sinus.
    4) Improves olfaction, sleep, and facial pain.
    5) Enhances voice quality.

    Having clear information about endoscopic treatment for sinus problems can solve your problem with great success. Its efficiency makes it more trendy and easy.

    6April 2020

    Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding (LAGB): obesity solution

     

    Life is becoming hectic these days with so many works to do and no time for ourselves. This is increasing obesity in people. Sedentary and time taking jobs doesn’t leave time for cooking healthy home food and craving for fast foods increases. It may lead to other life-threatening conditions. If your weight is not reducing by dieting or workout, you may need bariatric surgery.

    Gastric Banding

    The adjustable band is put to bind the stomach below oesophagus so as to make a small pouch-like structure. The outlet to the distal part of the stomach is very narrow, this makes the obese person satiated for a long time. The small pouch gets full of a small amount of food. Thus, resulting in weight loss. It is scheduled for a limited time, a follow-up visit is needed at 6 weeks, or monthly, depending on the medical requirements.

     

    Why might I need a laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding?

    LAGB is done to cure severe obesity, which is related to hypertension, high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, arthritis, apnea, etc. It is advised for persons whose plans for weight loss doesn’t result in long-term success. Adjustable gastric banding may help you to lose weight if it is not working in other ways. And decreases the risk for life-threatening disease.

    In what condition LABG is recommended?

    Severe  obesity BMI > 32

    Large volume eaters.

    Obesity not responding to any weight loss plans.

    Obesity with other cardiovascular diseases where exercising is restricted.

    What benefits do you get with LABG?

    1. Rapid healing < 48 hours.
    2. LABG is a reversible procedure.
    3. It doesn’t create disturbance in normal natural anatomy and function.
    4. The band is inflatable as well adjustable.
    5. More effective.
    6. Increases quality of life.

     

    What are the preparations done before LABG?

    Pre Operative preparation includes blood tests and ECG and PAC( pre anaesthesia checkup). Surgery is not advised for abusers of drugs or alcohol or any other serious medical problems.If you’re a smoker, you must stop it before surgery and not restart again. You have to be bill per oral for at least 8 hours before surgery.

    How LABG is performed?

    Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is the least invasive weight loss solution available for obesity. It’s done with a laparoscope by making small abdominal incisions. The surgeon inserts instruments through the incision. One of those instruments is a laparoscope, a tool with a small HD camera and LED  light. Using this, a silastic band is a bind around the stomach just below the esophagus forming a small pouch with a narrow outlet. Its reservoir is placed beneath the skin below the chest in the midline so that it can be felt from above. With the help of a needle through the skin to the reservoir, one can adjust the outlet size by inflating or deflating the band.

    What lifestyle changes to perform after LABG?

    •  Mostly liquids and pureed food for 2 to 3 weeks
    •  Slowly changing the texture of food from soft to solid.
    •  6 weeks it will take to return to a normal diet but smaller in portion…
    •  Thoroughly chewing your food to make it like a slurry before swallowing
    •  Have a balanced diet rich in high fiber, protein, vitamins, and minerals but low in carbohydrates.
    •  Make a habit of little exercise in your daily routine.

    LAGB is safer and minimally invasive surgery for weight loss instead of traditional weight loss surgery. It will not aid in sudden weight loss but it will gradually maintain your weight.just you need to follow proper diet and exercise. You may face nutritional deficiencies related to surgery so you have to have supplements to check it.

    16March 2020

    FROZEN SHOULDER: WHAT IT IS?

    Have you ever experienced shoulder pain just after waking up in the morning? Or your shoulder gets stiff after 2-3 hours of mobilization. A condition of shoulder joint accompanied by stiffness, tenderness, and pain in your shoulder joint. This condition is also known as ‘adhesive capsulitis‘. Generally, it occurs due to inflammation of the synovial capsule. Most of the time the symptoms occur and get worsen. It takes about two to three years to get normal if left untreated.

     

    How did it feel to have a frozen shoulder?

    Frozen shoulders develop gradually. It has 3 stages each stretches to 3-4 months.

    • Freezing stage – The range of motion from the shoulder gets limited. Shoulder movements are painful.
    • Frozen stage – Pain may get reduce but, your shoulder gets more stuff and movement gets more difficult from the shoulder joint.
    • Thawing stage – Reliving stage pain reduced and range of motion improves.

    Pain may get worsen during night and interrupt sleep.

    Are you at risk of developing a frozen shoulder?

    The joint at the shoulder is encased in a capsule; this capsule gets inflamed and tightens restricting the movement.

    Causes aren’t sure that why it happens, however, some people are at risk:

    1. Age and sex – Age more than 40 years, mostly women are at risk of getting frozen shoulder.
    2. Compromised mobility – People who’ve had compromised mobility of the shoulder. The following are the conditions: Rotator cuff injury, broken arm, Stroke, Recovery from surgery, Systemic diseases.
    3. Some disease conditions likely to aid in frozen shoulder.
    • Diabetes.
    • Hyperthyroidism
    • hypothyroidism
    • Tuberculosis
    • Parkinson’s disease

    How you can prevent it?

    Regular exercise – If you have any risky condition. Then talk to your doctor for a minimum range of motion you can practice preventing it.

     

    How you will get it diagnosed?

    1. Physical examination — during this doctor ask you to do a range of motion by own then he will move your hand checking range of motion. Active and passive range motion both are affected in this condition.
    2. Usually, signs and symptoms are enough to diagnose. But a doctor can advise radiological tests — X-rays or an MRI — to rule out problems.

    What are the treatments for frozen shoulder?

    • The first aim of treatment is to control pain and preserving the range of motion of the shoulder.
    • Medications- anti analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs given to relieve pain.
    • Therapy- Physiotherapist teach you a range of motion to restore movement.
    • Surgical and other procedures

    Most of the time frozen shoulder gets better on its own. For frequent and persistent condition your doctor may suggest

    • Steroid injections – in the shoulder joint.
    • Joint distension – by injecting sterile water in a joint to stretch the tissue for good movement.
    • Shoulder manipulation – The doctor moves the shoulder in a different direction to relieve tightness of joint
    • Shoulder Arthroscopy Surgery – If the above methods are not helping you, your doctor may recommend surgery to take out scar tissue and adhesion of joint.

     

    A surgeon performs this surgery with the tubular camera having attached light to examine or repair the tissues inside or around your shoulder joint and with minimally invasive procedure scar and adhesion is removed with the help of arthroscopy. The camera displays pictures on a video monitor and the surgeon uses these images to guide miniature surgical instruments. Along with the endoscopic camera system, an endoscope trolley is also needed to place instruments and monitor. Endoscope trolley helps in minimizing the extra burden to arrange the endoscopy devices like LED cold light, CO2, Suction irrigation, Monitor with MIS instruments.

    After surgery, after two weeks you can resume a normal routine life. The procedure is easy and heals fast.

    16March 2020

    BAD OBSTETRICAL HISTORY: NEED TO CONSULT

     

    Conceiving or getting news of carrying a life inside you is news of immense pleasure. But if it is holding for long and your body expels it out? You may question yourself!  Why you are not conceiving? Why is your womb not holding your baby? Your uterus may be diseased and not helping your pregnancy. The reason for this can be Endometriosis.

    What is Endometriosis?

    A disease condition in which the inner lining of the uterus called endometrium gets hypertrophied and come outside the uterus.

    Symptoms of Endometriosis?

    • Painful periods (dysmenorrhea) Cramping of lower abdomen and pelvis you may experience lower back pain during menstruation.
    • Painful intercourse. Pain during or after you become intimate happens in Endometriosis.
    • Pain with motion or urination.
    • More bleeding. Bleeding during menstruation or in-between two cycles of menstruation.
    • Not conceiving or abortion.

    How it get diagnosed?

    Your doctor will ask for symptoms you are facing.

    1. Pelvic exam. Manually examining pelvis with finger to check pelvis abnormalities.
    2. Ultrasound. This test checks the inside of the organ for any abnormal growth.
    3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – helps to find images of an organ
    4. Laparoscopy. Your doctor may advise you to a surgeon to perform a procedure that provides the surgeon to visualize your abdomen (laparoscopy).

    How laparoscopy is performed for Endometriosis?

    • A laparoscope is an endoscope that is a tubular, slender metallic, lighted telescope. These laparoscopes are sometimes highly equipped with hot and cold light, laparoscopy suction and irrigation pump. It allows your doctor to view inside your body cavity or organ. Diagnostic laparoscopy can diagnose if you are having condition or fibroids.
    • Laparoscopy can be for treatment also. With miniature instruments. Your doctor may do many surgeries.
    • Let’s have a look to the laparoscopic procedure,
    • Laparoscopy is an indoor basis procedure. You have to get admitted for laparoscopy.
    • Anaesthesia- is performed under general anaesthesia. So patients get back to their senses in 4-5 hours.
      You have to be nill by mouth for at least 12 hours.
    • After all procedure work. The surgeon makes tiny incisions and inflate the abdomen then insert laparoscope with the camera to visualize cavity. Many times these laparoscopes are equipped with laparoscopic suction irrigation pump to wash and clean areas to visualize. Normal saline is put inside with the help of irrigation pump and then with laparoscopic suction pump, it is taken out.
    • During laparoscopic surgery, a mini instrument is inserted in another incision. To wash the bleeding during surgery laparoscopic suction irrigation pump is very useful to have a clear image on the monitor. Your surgeon, may cut, remove tissue (excision) or burn it with a laser beam or electrocautery.

     

    When you are facing tremendous pain (unexplained) in lower abdomen and back. Consult you, a gynaecologist. It’s a matter of concern. Add wings to your womb and make it healthy. The laparoscopic test provides direct visualization of organs.

    11March 2020

    ASHERMAN SYNDROME: ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW.

    Are you having absent periods? Getting cramps but not menstruating? And you have a history of frequent abortion, injury or any scaring. Then you may need to see a gynecologist. You may be suffering from ASHERMAN syndrome.

    What is known as asherman syndrome?

    Asherman syndrome is an uncommon uterine condition. In which scaring of the inner wall of uterus causing adhesion of anterior and posterior wall of the uterus. It may vary from mild to severe. Depending on areas of adhesion and type of adhesion (thick or thin). This condition leaves very little space in the uterus.

    Presented with what kind of symptoms?

    • absent periods or very light periods (amenorrhea or hypo menorrhea)
    • severe cramps during the period date but menstruating sparsely
    • unable to get pregnant

    What is the cause or risk factor of asherman syndrome?

    Near about 90 percent of Asherman syndrome cases occur due to dilation and curettage (D and C) procedures. D &C is usually done for missed abortion, elective abortion, retained placenta after delivery or incomplete abortion.

    If a woman undergone D&C many times then it’s a high risk that a woman may develop asherma syndrome.

    Sometimes adhesions can happen following pelvic surgeries, like a caesarean section or surgeries of uterine or ovarian cyst, fibroid or polyp.

     

    How do I get diagnosed with asherman syndrome?

    • Assessing the symptom you have
    • A blood test to evaluate other illnesses.
    • Ultrasonography.

    Hysteroscopy is the final diagnostic procedure for asherman syndrome. The procedure involves dilatation of the cervix and inserting a hysteroscope. A small slender telescope. It can help to view inside of the womb for any scaring.

    Hysterosalpingogram, inject dye and imaging it’s a pathway in uterine cavity on x-ray.

     

    How to get it treated?

    Operative Hysteroscopy (minimally invasive surgery):

    Asherman syndrome can be treated by using minimally invasive surgery known as an operative hysteroscopy. Minimal invasive surgical instruments are attached to the Hysteroscope (endoscopic surgery instrument) used to separate adhesions. This minimally invasive surgery is performed under general anesthesia.

    Antibiotics and estrogen tablets after surgery. A repeat hysteroscopy (endoscopic procedure) may be done after a few days to check the uterus condition.

    Why Operative Hysteroscopy to be performed for asherman syndrome?

    Operative Hysteroscopy (minimally invasive surgery) is the only technique to remove scaring and improve uterine quality. If you want to conceive and you have to scare of uterus you have to undergo the procedure.

    Usually done on an outpatient basis.

    It’s a minimally invasive surgery, making it tolerable and acceptable to the patient.

    Getting a life inside you is a matter of immense pleasurable feeling. Consult you, gynecologist, if you are having a recurrent abortion. This minimally invasive surgery can do wonder in your life. Visit our site for more information http://diasurge.com

    2March 2020

    EMBEDDED IUDS: DIAGNOSIS AND REMOVAL OF IUDS

    Contraception is the requirement of today’s world. Your gynecologist may help you in choosing methods of contraception best suited for you. These methods are different for different people. Efficiency is also different for every method. Its failure is an emergency as it may result in conceiving. One of the contraception failures is embedded IUDs (intrauterine devices) or missing thread. The original position of a copper T or hormone-releasing IUD is in the fundal wall of the uterine spaces. Its malpositioning is a failure and needs to be checked.

    What are IUDs?

    These are intrauterine devices placed in the uterine cavity by experts to prevent pregnancy. These are usually “T” shaped loaded with copper and hormones. Placement is generally at the fundus of the uterus.

    What is the malpositioning of IUDs?

    The IUD should be placed at the fundus of the uterus, with the arms of IUD fully separated and stretched toward the uterine cornua. The vertical portion of the “T” should extend straight in the uterine cavity. Malpositioned IUDs may be described as follows:

    Located in the lower uterine segment or cervix.

    Rotated. See the below figure

     

    Embedded in the myometrium (inner wall of the uterus) one or both arm of IUDs. See the figure below.

     

    Partially expelled, if the lower part of IUD is out of cervical external os.

    Protruding outside the uterine serosa or wall and entering the abdominal cavity (perforation of the uterus).

    What are the Symptoms of embedded IUD?

    An IUD displacement, expulsion or embedded may cause physical symptoms in some cases, these are the following:

    • Heavy bleeding.
    • Severe cramping.
    • Abnormal vaginal discharge.
    • Sudden lower abdomen pain.

    How IUDs can be removed?

    IUD removal is a very easy procedure done by experts on an indoor basis. To remove the IUD, the gynecologist holds the thread by forceps and pulls it out. If it doesn’t come out by this method then it may require hysteroscopy to visualize and to take it out.

    How hysteroscopy is performed?

    You may require a hysteroscopy to remove the IUD when it gets hooked in your uterine wall. It’s a non – invasive procedure. During this method, your doctor will apply speculum to make space in your genital cervix to insert a Hysteroscope. The Hysteroscope allows tiny tools to enter your uterus to pick up IUD and take it out. You may need anesthesia for this method.

    A missing thread can be managed calmly. Don’t panic and consult your doctor for its removal. Hysteroscopy is available at many gynecological clinics. For further information regarding endoscopes please visit:- http://diasurge.com/