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    14July 2020

    Laparoscopic cholecystectomy- the laparoscopic surgery for gallbladder removal

    What is laparoscopic cholecystectomy??

    Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is a laparoscopic surgical procedure for removing Gallbladder. It is a minimally invasive surgery that is performed through minimally invasive surgery devices which involves small incisions to remove the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a digestive organ that is present just below the liver in the upper abdomen. The main function of the gallbladder is to store bile which helps in absorbing dietary fats. However, the gallbladder is not a compulsory organ of the digestive system and digestion of a high fiber diet can be easily done without the presence of Gallbladder as well. However, if your Gallbladder becomes inflamed, then it is very important to remove it.


    Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is one of the most popular and common types of surgery available for the removal of diseased Gallbladder.

    Reasons for performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

    The main reason behind performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and removing of the Gallbladder is due to the complications caused by the gallstones in the Gallbladder. The situation of having gallstones in the Gallbladder is known as cholelithiasis. When the substances of the bile in Gallbladder become solid, then they form gallstones. The size of gallstones varies, they could be very small and they could be as large as the size of a golf ball. Some other reasons for performing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy are the following-

    • In the medical condition when the Gallbladder is not able to empty bile and this condition is called biliary dyskinesia.
    • In the medical condition when the gallstones shift to the bile duct and cause the blockage and this medical condition is called choledocholithiasis.
    • They inflame and diseased Gallbladder which is called cholecystitis.
    • In this condition, the gallstones cause the inflammation of the pancreas and this medical condition is known as pancreatitis.

    Nowadays, Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is a highly preferred surgical method over open surgical methods because it involves smaller incisions that help in reducing the risk factors of infection, excess bleeding and involves less time of recovery

    Medical equipment used during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

    During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, various minimally invasive surgery instruments and laparoscopic surgeon devices are used. Let’s look at the list of the medical devices used in the surgical procedure.

    The procedure of laparoscopic cholecystectomy

    1. After going to the operation theatre your surgeon will give you fluids through your vein. After this, he will put you on anesthesia of the general level, so that you don’t feel any pain and the whole surgical procedure will be painless for you. Before the surgical procedure starts, your surgeon will place a tube in your throat which is connected to a ventilator, so that you can easily breathe during the surgery.
    2. For performing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy surgery, the surgeon will make four small incisions at the upper side of your abdomen. With the help of the small incisions, the tube is guided with an Endoscopy HD Camera into the abdomen.
    3. The other laparoscopic devices such as Endoscopy LED Cold Light is also used through the small incisions and the surgical monitors will help the surgeons to get a clear image inside of your abdomen. The surgical monitors will show whatever the Endoscopy HD camera captures.
    4. The Endoscopy CO2 Insufflator is used so that the patient’s abdomen is inflated with CO2 gas and the surgeons will get the space to perform the surgery properly. After that, your surgeon will remove the Gallbladder through the small incisions.
    5. After the Gallbladder is removed from your abdomen, your surgeon will perform a special X-ray to check the complications of your bile duct. The X-ray helps in showing any remaining problems in your bile duct such as any remaining bile stone in the duct. If any such problem exists, then your surgeon will remove that also. This procedure is called cholangiography.
    6. When the surgery is completed, your surgeon will stitch up the cuts and bandage the small incisions. After that, you will take your time to get your consciousness from anesthesia. Your vital signs will be measured after the surgical procedure is over.
    7. In Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, most of the patients go home on the same day or day after their laparoscopic surgery.

    http://diasurge.com/gallbladder-stones-and-diagnosis-by-endoscopes/

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    16March 2020

    FROZEN SHOULDER: WHAT IT IS?

    Have you ever experienced shoulder pain just after waking up in the morning? Or your shoulder gets stiff after 2-3 hours of mobilization. A condition of shoulder joint accompanied by stiffness, tenderness, and pain in your shoulder joint. This condition is also known as ‘adhesive capsulitis‘. Generally, it occurs due to inflammation of the synovial capsule. Most of the time the symptoms occur and get worsen. It takes about two to three years to get normal if left untreated.

     

    How did it feel to have a frozen shoulder?

    Frozen shoulders develop gradually. It has 3 stages each stretches to 3-4 months.

    • Freezing stage – The range of motion from the shoulder gets limited. Shoulder movements are painful.
    • Frozen stage – Pain may get reduce but, your shoulder gets more stuff and movement gets more difficult from the shoulder joint.
    • Thawing stage – Reliving stage pain reduced and range of motion improves.

    Pain may get worsen during night and interrupt sleep.

    Are you at risk of developing a frozen shoulder?

    The joint at the shoulder is encased in a capsule; this capsule gets inflamed and tightens restricting the movement.

    Causes aren’t sure that why it happens, however, some people are at risk:

    1. Age and sex – Age more than 40 years, mostly women are at risk of getting frozen shoulder.
    2. Compromised mobility – People who’ve had compromised mobility of the shoulder. The following are the conditions: Rotator cuff injury, broken arm, Stroke, Recovery from surgery, Systemic diseases.
    3. Some disease conditions likely to aid in frozen shoulder.
    • Diabetes.
    • Hyperthyroidism
    • hypothyroidism
    • Tuberculosis
    • Parkinson’s disease

    How you can prevent it?

    Regular exercise – If you have any risky condition. Then talk to your doctor for a minimum range of motion you can practice preventing it.

     

    How you will get it diagnosed?

    1. Physical examination — during this doctor ask you to do a range of motion by own then he will move your hand checking range of motion. Active and passive range motion both are affected in this condition.
    2. Usually, signs and symptoms are enough to diagnose. But a doctor can advise radiological tests — X-rays or an MRI — to rule out problems.

    What are the treatments for frozen shoulder?

    • The first aim of treatment is to control pain and preserving the range of motion of the shoulder.
    • Medications- anti analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs given to relieve pain.
    • Therapy- Physiotherapist teach you a range of motion to restore movement.
    • Surgical and other procedures

    Most of the time frozen shoulder gets better on its own. For frequent and persistent condition your doctor may suggest

    • Steroid injections – in the shoulder joint.
    • Joint distension – by injecting sterile water in a joint to stretch the tissue for good movement.
    • Shoulder manipulation – The doctor moves the shoulder in a different direction to relieve tightness of joint
    • Shoulder Arthroscopy Surgery – If the above methods are not helping you, your doctor may recommend surgery to take out scar tissue and adhesion of joint.

     

    A surgeon performs this surgery with the tubular camera having attached light to examine or repair the tissues inside or around your shoulder joint and with minimally invasive procedure scar and adhesion is removed with the help of arthroscopy. The camera displays pictures on a video monitor and the surgeon uses these images to guide miniature surgical instruments. Along with the endoscopic camera system, an endoscope trolley is also needed to place instruments and monitor. Endoscope trolley helps in minimizing the extra burden to arrange the endoscopy devices like LED cold light, CO2, Suction irrigation, Monitor with MIS instruments.

    After surgery, after two weeks you can resume a normal routine life. The procedure is easy and heals fast.

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