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    7August 2020

    THE USE OF SURGICAL TELESCOPE IN MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERIES

    The minimally invasive procedure performs many conditions of diagnosing and treating with the help of a surgical telescope. There are two main types of surgical scope (Rigid & Flexible). Flexible endoscopes are needed to thoroughly examine the depths of tubular structures that turn corners (e.g.intestine, bronchial tree, and male canine urethra), but rigid endoscopes are more convenient for examining nontubular structures such as the abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity, or joint spaces, etc. A surgical telescope helps in providing a clear visualization of the infected area which is inside the body. Rigid endoscopes are made of metal tubes that contain a series of high-resolution optical glass rod lenses, and the light channel to allow visualization out of the axis of the telescope and increase the FOV (Field of view) by rotating the instrument. Direct visualization of a diseased area inside the body can be achieved by using a telescope through a small incision in the skin. Rigid endoscopes are commonly used in urology, gynecology, ENT, arthroscopy, endoscopic spine surgery, and general surgery.

    IMPORTANCE

    Endoscopic technology allows direct, optically controlled access to numerous internal organs without open surgical intervention. The use of endoscopy units has been increasing day by day because of providing the support of the imaging system through a clear image. The endoscope is often fitted with one or more extra channels through which operating instruments may be passed such as electrosurgery probes, manipulating, grasping, crushing forceps, etc. With the versatile telescopes, a full range of endoscopic applications are (Laparoscope, Arthroscope, Hysteroscope, Cystoscope, Rhinoscope, Nephroscope, Encephaloscope, Laryngoscope, etc)

    TYPES OF SURGICAL TELESCOPES

    • Mini Laparoscope / Laparoscope
    • Thorascope
    • Cystoscope
    • Hysteroscope
    • Ureterorenoscope – Direct View
    • Ureterorenoscope – Offset Eyeview
    • Ureterorenoscope – Tilted Eyepiece
    • Mini Arthroscope / Arthroscope
    • Otoscope
    • Sinuscope
    • Laryngoscope
    • Bronchoscope

    The viewing angle with length and diameter of a telescope is an important consideration it affects both orientation and visual access. The range of viewing angles is.

    • Forward – Viewing angle (0 Degree Telescope)
    • Forward Oblique angles (12, 30, 45 Degree Telescope)
    • Acute Angles (70, 90, 120 Degree Telescope)

    The range of diameter starting from 1.6mm to 10mm with a length of 50mm to 341mm. The choice of telescope largely depends on the procedure being performed and the experience of the endoscopist.

    For more details about the surgical telescopes, endoscopy HD camera, Rigid Laparoscopy, Surgical Monitors and Minimally invasive surgery devices, visit our website www.diasurge.com

    14July 2020

    Laparoscopic cholecystectomy- the laparoscopic surgery for gallbladder removal

    What is laparoscopic cholecystectomy??

    Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is a laparoscopic surgical procedure for removing Gallbladder. It is a minimally invasive surgery that is performed through minimally invasive surgery devices which involves small incisions to remove the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a digestive organ that is present just below the liver in the upper abdomen. The main function of the gallbladder is to store bile which helps in absorbing dietary fats. However, the gallbladder is not a compulsory organ of the digestive system and digestion of a high fiber diet can be easily done without the presence of Gallbladder as well. However, if your Gallbladder becomes inflamed, then it is very important to remove it.


    Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is one of the most popular and common types of surgery available for the removal of diseased Gallbladder.

    Reasons for performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

    The main reason behind performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and removing of the Gallbladder is due to the complications caused by the gallstones in the Gallbladder. The situation of having gallstones in the Gallbladder is known as cholelithiasis. When the substances of the bile in Gallbladder become solid, then they form gallstones. The size of gallstones varies, they could be very small and they could be as large as the size of a golf ball. Some other reasons for performing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy are the following-

    • In the medical condition when the Gallbladder is not able to empty bile and this condition is called biliary dyskinesia.
    • In the medical condition when the gallstones shift to the bile duct and cause the blockage and this medical condition is called choledocholithiasis.
    • They inflame and diseased Gallbladder which is called cholecystitis.
    • In this condition, the gallstones cause the inflammation of the pancreas and this medical condition is known as pancreatitis.

    Nowadays, Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is a highly preferred surgical method over open surgical methods because it involves smaller incisions that help in reducing the risk factors of infection, excess bleeding and involves less time of recovery

    Medical equipment used during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

    During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, various minimally invasive surgery instruments and laparoscopic surgeon devices are used. Let’s look at the list of the medical devices used in the surgical procedure.

    The procedure of laparoscopic cholecystectomy

    1. After going to the operation theatre your surgeon will give you fluids through your vein. After this, he will put you on anesthesia of the general level, so that you don’t feel any pain and the whole surgical procedure will be painless for you. Before the surgical procedure starts, your surgeon will place a tube in your throat which is connected to a ventilator, so that you can easily breathe during the surgery.
    2. For performing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy surgery, the surgeon will make four small incisions at the upper side of your abdomen. With the help of the small incisions, the tube is guided with an Endoscopy HD Camera into the abdomen.
    3. The other laparoscopic devices such as Endoscopy LED Cold Light is also used through the small incisions and the surgical monitors will help the surgeons to get a clear image inside of your abdomen. The surgical monitors will show whatever the Endoscopy HD camera captures.
    4. The Endoscopy CO2 Insufflator is used so that the patient’s abdomen is inflated with CO2 gas and the surgeons will get the space to perform the surgery properly. After that, your surgeon will remove the Gallbladder through the small incisions.
    5. After the Gallbladder is removed from your abdomen, your surgeon will perform a special X-ray to check the complications of your bile duct. The X-ray helps in showing any remaining problems in your bile duct such as any remaining bile stone in the duct. If any such problem exists, then your surgeon will remove that also. This procedure is called cholangiography.
    6. When the surgery is completed, your surgeon will stitch up the cuts and bandage the small incisions. After that, you will take your time to get your consciousness from anesthesia. Your vital signs will be measured after the surgical procedure is over.
    7. In Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, most of the patients go home on the same day or day after their laparoscopic surgery.

    http://diasurge.com/gallbladder-stones-and-diagnosis-by-endoscopes/

    6July 2020

    Minimal invasive surgery for hemorrhoids

    What are hemorrhoids??

    Hemorrhoids are the medical condition in which an individual suffers from inflamed and swollen veins in the lowest part of anus and rectal. This medical condition is commonly known as piles by the general public. There are basically two types of hemorrhoids, internal hemorrhoids, and external hemorrhoids. Internal hemorrhoids are on the upper part inside your rectum. Whereas, external hemorrhoids are at the lowest part of your anus, under the skin around the anus. Hemorrhoids are becoming a very common disease, especially people who are in their middle age are at a high risk of suffering from the disease.

     

    hemorrhoids

    Symptoms of hemorrhoids

    • Internal

    Bleeding while you poop, blood droplets on the toilet paper when you wipe and also in the toilet bowl. When the extra skin comes out from your anal opening, then this condition is called prolapse. This condition is painful, especially while passing the stool.

    • Prevention

    Internal hemorrhoids can easily be manageable and less critical than external hemorrhoids. It can be managed within a few days by following the instructions provided by the doctors. Changing diet and stopping straining during the bowel movement will also help to cure this condition. However, if the symptoms of internal hemorrhoids still continue after following all the instructions and taking medicines, then you should definitely go for the surgical option. Minimal invasive surgery is one of the most common and successful surgeries nowadays for preventing hemorrhoids, which is performed through the endoscope.

    • External

     Bleeding while passing stool, severe pain during the bowel movement, and also while sitting, itching around the areas of the anus and swelling around the anus.

    The surgical treatments for curing hemorrhoids

    • Sclerotherapy

    During this medical procedure, the injection of a salt solution is injected into the vein of the patient. This helps in damaging the lining of the blood vessels, leading to the collapse of the hemorrhoids. 

    • Rubber band ligation

    In this procedure, the hemorrhoid is tied off with the help of rubber bands, which results in disconnecting the hemorrhoids with the blood flow. This leads to a reduction in the swelling of the blood vessel.

    • Hemorrhoidectomy

    A hemorrhoidectomy is a surgical procedure that involves removing the external and internal hemorrhoids. This surgical treatment is one of the most effective and complicated treatments available for curing severe hemorrhoids.

    The use of endoscopes for the surgical treatment of hemorrhoids

    All the surgical treatments for curing hemorrhoids are performed through endoscopes only. The endoscope HD camera is also used during performing the surgery so that the surgeons will get a clear view of the inside walls of anus and rectal. The endoscope HD camera is attached to the video processor for the purpose of getting the view of the moving images on the surgical monitor and also for the purpose of recording the surgery. This video system is called the endoscopy video processor.

    After the minimally invasive surgery is done, the patient will take about two to three weeks to fully recover. The after-effects of the surgery are managed by following the instructions provided by the doctors and also by taking painkillers and antibiotics provided by the doctors only. Some changes into your daily diet, such as including high fiber food in your dietary plan and increasing the liquid diet and intake of water also help a lot.

    To know more about minimally invasive surgeries for hemorrhoids:- https://diasurge.hatenablog.com/entry/2020/05/15/173824

    16March 2020

    FROZEN SHOULDER: WHAT IT IS?

    Have you ever experienced shoulder pain just after waking up in the morning? Or your shoulder gets stiff after 2-3 hours of mobilization. A condition of shoulder joint accompanied by stiffness, tenderness, and pain in your shoulder joint. This condition is also known as ‘adhesive capsulitis‘. Generally, it occurs due to inflammation of the synovial capsule. Most of the time the symptoms occur and get worsen. It takes about two to three years to get normal if left untreated.

     

    How did it feel to have a frozen shoulder?

    Frozen shoulders develop gradually. It has 3 stages each stretches to 3-4 months.

    • Freezing stage – The range of motion from the shoulder gets limited. Shoulder movements are painful.
    • Frozen stage – Pain may get reduce but, your shoulder gets more stuff and movement gets more difficult from the shoulder joint.
    • Thawing stage – Reliving stage pain reduced and range of motion improves.

    Pain may get worsen during night and interrupt sleep.

    Are you at risk of developing a frozen shoulder?

    The joint at the shoulder is encased in a capsule; this capsule gets inflamed and tightens restricting the movement.

    Causes aren’t sure that why it happens, however, some people are at risk:

    1. Age and sex – Age more than 40 years, mostly women are at risk of getting frozen shoulder.
    2. Compromised mobility – People who’ve had compromised mobility of the shoulder. The following are the conditions: Rotator cuff injury, broken arm, Stroke, Recovery from surgery, Systemic diseases.
    3. Some disease conditions likely to aid in frozen shoulder.
    • Diabetes.
    • Hyperthyroidism
    • hypothyroidism
    • Tuberculosis
    • Parkinson’s disease

    How you can prevent it?

    Regular exercise – If you have any risky condition. Then talk to your doctor for a minimum range of motion you can practice preventing it.

     

    How you will get it diagnosed?

    1. Physical examination — during this doctor ask you to do a range of motion by own then he will move your hand checking range of motion. Active and passive range motion both are affected in this condition.
    2. Usually, signs and symptoms are enough to diagnose. But a doctor can advise radiological tests — X-rays or an MRI — to rule out problems.

    What are the treatments for frozen shoulder?

    • The first aim of treatment is to control pain and preserving the range of motion of the shoulder.
    • Medications- anti analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs given to relieve pain.
    • Therapy- Physiotherapist teach you a range of motion to restore movement.
    • Surgical and other procedures

    Most of the time frozen shoulder gets better on its own. For frequent and persistent condition your doctor may suggest

    • Steroid injections – in the shoulder joint.
    • Joint distension – by injecting sterile water in a joint to stretch the tissue for good movement.
    • Shoulder manipulation – The doctor moves the shoulder in a different direction to relieve tightness of joint
    • Shoulder Arthroscopy Surgery – If the above methods are not helping you, your doctor may recommend surgery to take out scar tissue and adhesion of joint.

     

    A surgeon performs this surgery with the tubular camera having attached light to examine or repair the tissues inside or around your shoulder joint and with minimally invasive procedure scar and adhesion is removed with the help of arthroscopy. The camera displays pictures on a video monitor and the surgeon uses these images to guide miniature surgical instruments. Along with the endoscopic camera system, an endoscope trolley is also needed to place instruments and monitor. Endoscope trolley helps in minimizing the extra burden to arrange the endoscopy devices like LED cold light, CO2, Suction irrigation, Monitor with MIS instruments.

    After surgery, after two weeks you can resume a normal routine life. The procedure is easy and heals fast.